UPSC IAS Prelims & Mains Notes PMFIAS
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Booklist & Strategy
- Geography Books For UPSC by PMF IAS
- PMF IAS General Science Book for UPSC and State PCS Exams
- PMF IAS Art and Culture Book for UPSC & State PCS Exams
- Best Environment Book for UPSC IAS Civil Services Exam (Prelims and Mains)
- Best Agriculture Book for UPSC Prelims and Mains
- Books for UPSC and State Civil Services Exams
- UPSC GS3 Agriculture Preparation Strategy 2026-27
Prelims
Environment – Prelims + Mains [GS1+GS3]
- Environment Questions Asked in Prelims & Mains (2011-15)
- Solved Environment Prelims Questions (2011-15)
- Environment and Ecosystem, Components of an Ecosystem
- Ecology: Levels, Principles and Organizations
- Ecotone: Edge Effect, Edge Species and Ecological Niche
- Functions of Ecosystem: Ecological succession, Homeostasis
- Energy Flow through an Ecosystem: Food Chain, Food Web
- Energy Flow through an Ecosystem: Ecological Pyramids
- Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Phosphorus and Sulphur Cycle
- Biomes or Terrestrial Ecosystems and Aquatic Ecosystems
- Wetland Ecosystem, Measures to Protect Wetlands, NWCP
- Estuarine Ecosystem, Mangroves, Mangroves in India
- Air Pollution: Air Pollutants, Classification of Air Pollutants
- Acid Rain & Ocean Acidification (Effects of Air Pollution)
- Controlling Air Pollution: Bharat Stage VI, National Air Quality Index
- Water Pollution: Causes & Effects, Eutrophication, Algal Blooms
- Water Pollution Control Measures: Bio-Toilets, Bioremediation
- Radioactive Pollution: Ionizing & Non-Ionizing Radiation
- Soil Pollution, Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste, Electronic Waste
- Land Degradation, Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation
- Biodiversity of India, Biodiversity Hotspots of India
- Biodiversity Loss: Habitat Fragmentation & Man-Animal Conflict
- Biodiversity Conservation: In Situ & Ex Situ Conservation
- Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, Carbon Sequestration
- Earth Summit 1992, UN Environment, Rio+20, CBD, UNFCCC
- UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC Summit 1997), Carbon Trading
- Paris Agreement, Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)
- UN-REDD, REDD+, Short-Lived Climate Pollutants, GCCA+
- India’s National Action Plan On Climate Change (NAPCC)
- Laws for Prevention & Control of Pollution, Protection of Environment
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process & Procedures
- Wild Life Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, Forest Rights Act
- Project Tiger, Elephant, Snow Leopard, Hangul, Rhino Vision 2020
- Green Revolution, Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India (BGREI)
- Sustainable Agriculture: Mixed cropping, Crop rotation, Mixed Farming
- Organic Farming, Bio-Fertilizers and Their Use in Agriculture
- New Agricultural Practices: Hydroponics, Aquaponics, Aeroponics
- Genetically Modified Crops (GM Crops): Benefits & Controversies
- IUCN Red List India | Red Data List | Red Book Part-1
- IUCN Red List India | Red Data List | Red Book Part-2
- IUCN Red List India | Red Data List | Red Book Part-3
- Indian Vulture Crisis Due to Diclofenac, Vulture Safety Zones
- CITES, TRAFFIC, MIKE, Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB)
- Tiger Census Report 2018, MSTrIPES, India’s Tiger Landscapes
- Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972 and Amendment, 1982
- Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar Site, Montreux Record
- Environment Third Edition
- Natural Farming, Zero-Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
- Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
- Best Environment Book for UPSC IAS Civil Services Exam (Prelims and Mains)
General Science
- Nuclear Fission, Components of Nuclear Reactor, Types of Nuclear Reactors
- Cell Organelles | Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
- Renewable & Non-Conventional Sources Of Energy
- Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides | Polysaccharides
- Proteins | Amino Acids | Enzymes
- Vitamins and Minerals – Deficiency Diseases
- Trans Fat, Saturated & Unsaturated Fats, Healthy & Unhealthy Fats
- Animal Tissues – Epithelium, Connective Tissues
- Human Digestive System | Digestive Glands
- Respiratory System – NCERT General Science
- Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- Human Neural System | Human Brain
- Muscular and Skeletal System
- Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA | Recombinant DNA
- Mitosis | Cell Cycle | Cell Division
- Meiosis | Mitosis – Meiosis Comparison
- Inheritance – Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
- Chromosomal Theory | Human Genome Project
- Sex Determination | Genetic Disorders
- Diseases Caused by Microorganisms
- Microbes In Human Welfare | Useful Microbes
- Immunity | Human Immune System
- AIDS | Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
- Cancer | Causes of Cancer – NCERT
- Drugs and Alcohol Abuse – NCERT
- Diseases | Acute, Chronic, Communicable Diseases
- Blood | Blood Groups | Formed Elements
- Circulatory System | Double Circulation
- Excretory System | Kidney | Urine Formation
- Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth
- Biological Classification – General Science
- Five Kingdom Classification of Plants and Animals
- Plant Parts and Their Functions
- Plant Kingdom – Thallophytes (Algae) – Bryophytes – Pteridophytes
- Plants with Seeds – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
- Plant Tissue – Meristematic – Simple, Complex Permanent Tissue
- Plant Nutrition – Photosynthesis | Nitrogen Cycle, Fixation
- Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Plants
- Classification of Animal Kingdom (Animalia)
- Classification of Vertebrata (Phylum Chordata)
- Human Reproductive System
- Biotechnology | Genetic Engineering – Processess and Applications
- Atomic Theory – Structure of an Atom
- Insectivorous Plants of India: Drosera, Pitcher Plant, Utricularia
- Non-Renewable Sources Of Energy
- DELP (UJALA) Scheme – Comparison: LED – CFL – Incandescent Bulb
- Geological Time Scale: Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic & Phanerozoic
- Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era & Cenozoic Era
- The Universe, Big Bang Theory and The Evolution of The Universe
- Gravitational Waves, Doppler-Shift, Cosmic Microwave Background
- Star Formation (Stellar Evolution or Life Cycle of A Star)
- Galaxies: Spiral Galaxies & Elliptical Galaxies, Our Galaxy (The Milky Way)
- The Formation of the Solar System: Nuclear Disc Model (Neo-Laplacian model)
- Components of the Solar System, Planets and Their Major Moons
- The Sun’s Internal Structure and Atmosphere, Solar Wind
- Planets of the Solar System: Inner Planets and Outer Planets
- Asteroids, Asteroid Belt, Kuiper Belt, Comets, Meteoroid, Meteor and Meteorite
- What’s the Closest Star to the Sun? Proxima Centauri or Alpha Centauri?
- Heliopause ― The boundary of The Solar System?
- Distant Artificial Objects Exploring the Solar System
- Virus, Difference Between Virus & Bacteria, DNA & RNA Viruses
- Coronavirus, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV)
- Immune System, T– Cells & Coronavirus, Cytokine storm
- Covid-19 Tests: RT-PCR, Rapid Antigen Test & Serological Test
- Proposed Vaccines, Treatments in the Context of COVID-19
- Biofuels, Important Biofuels, National Policy on Biofuels 2018
- Elements, Metalloids, Compound, Mixtures vs. Compounds
- Molecule, Ion, Molecules of Elements & Compounds, Atomicity
- Tuberculosis, MDR-TB, National TB Elimination Programme
- Elementary (Fundamental) Particles & The Standard Model
General Studies 1
Geography
- Twin Cyclones
- Salton Sea | Lithium
- Graphene
- Lakshadweep: A Melting Pot
- Recycling of Rare Earth Metals
- Oil Sands
- Atmospheric Rivers | Pineapple Express
- Weakening of Gulf Stream
- Sudden reversal of Pollution Cycle
- Rip Currents
- Atmospheric Research Testbed
- Gibraltar Subduction Zone
- India applies for mining in Indian Ocean
- Antarctic Circumpolar Current
- Tornado
- Volcanic Vortex Rings
- Extreme Weather Events in Dubai & Mumbai | Dubai Floods
- Aurora Lights | Geomagnetic Solar Storms
- Heatstroke
- Earth’s mysterious D” layer
- Impact of Tonga Volcano’s Eruption on Weather
- Antarctica’s new river
- Cold Lava
- Cascadia Subduction Zone
- Slowing Down of Earth’s Inner Core Rotation
- Mystery behind Pink Sand in Australia
- Polar Rain Aurora
- Deep Drilling in Koyna
- Lithium: Properties, Reserves, Uses & Significance
- Solar Eclipse – Types of Solar Eclipse
- Daylight Saving Time
- Deep Sea Exploration: Potential, Significance & Challenges
- Localised Monsoon Forecasting: Need & Challenges
- Twisters: Formation, Lifecycle & Distribution
- Coal Sector in India: Significance & Challenges
- India-Canada Collaboration on Critical Minerals
- United Nations Oceans Conference (UNOC3)
- Polar Anticyclone: Formation & Its Impacts
- Revised Length of India’s Coastline
- Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
- One Nation, One Time: Significance & Challenges
- What is Bharat Forecast System?
- Internal Migration in India: Declining Trends & Emerging Challenges
- Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO)
- Avalanches: Types, Causes & Preventive Measures
- Landslides: Types, Factors Responsible & Impacts
- Wastewater Management for Sustainable Water Crisis
- Interlinking of Rivers in India: Significance & Challenges
- What are Mud Volcanoes? | Mud Volcanoes vs Regular Volcanoes
- Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme
- Rare Earth Elements: Status, Applications & India’s Position
- Underground Coal Gasification
- Cold Wave in India
- Critical Minerals
- Global Water Cycle: Significance & Global Impact
- Strategic Rare Earth Corridors: Key Features & Significance
- Early Summer and Heat-Wave Conditions in North India
- Local Winds: Its Formation & Impacts
- Soil Degradation in India
- Shrinking Winters in the Himalayas
- Population Policy Reimagined: From Control to Care
- India’s Groundwater Crisis: Key Drivers & Challenges
- Super El Niño and Global Impact
- Monsoon Paradox and Rising Disasters
- Unseasonal Pre-Monsoon Weather Extremes in India
- Emerging Critical Minerals Frontier in Northeast India
- Monsoon Resilience: Reasons,Needs & Challenges
General Studies 2
Global Groupings
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