Jayprakash Narayan

Context (TH): Jayaprakash Narayan (Lok Nayak) was an independence activist, socialist and political leader.
He was the founder and general secretary of the Congress Socialist Party and the Socialist Party.
Jawaharlal Nehru invited him to join his government, but he declined.
After 1955, he quit active politics and joined the Bhoodan movement.
He became the symbol of opposition to Emergency and was the moving force behind the formation of the Janata Party.

Jayaprakash Narayan’s Role in the Restoration of Democracy

Jayaprakash Narayan organised a massive demonstration in Delhi’s Ramlila grounds on 25 June 1975 for Indira Gandhi’s resignation.
He announced a nationwide satyagraha and asked the army, the police, and government employees not to obey “illegal and immoral orders”.
In response, GoI invoked Article 352 of IC and declared an emergency on the grounds of internal disturbance.
After the emergency, the Janta party formed a government, and JP became the popular symbol of the restoration of democracy.

The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formed within the Congress in 1934 by young leaders who wanted a more radical and egalitarian Congress.
In 1948, the Congress amended its constitution to prevent its members from having a dual-party membership. This forced the Socialists to form a separate Socialist Party in 1948.