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May 07 2024 Prelims Practice Questions (PPQs)
Table of contents
- These Prelims Practice Questions (PPQs) are based on PMF IAS Daily Current Affairs.
- The daily current affairs are uploaded every day by 8 PM. You can read the Daily Current Affairs from here.
- Subscribers of the “Current Affairs” course can Download Daily Current Affairs in PDF/DOC from here.
[Quiz] Daily Prelims Practice Questions (PPQs) – May 07 2024
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These MCQs are based on PMF IAS Daily Current Affairs. The daily current affairs are uploaded every day by 8 PM. You can read the Daily Current Affairs from here. Subscribers of the “Current Affairs” course can Download Daily Current Affairs in PDF/DOC from here.
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Question 1 of 6
1. Question
Q1. {MoCAFPD – Schemes} Which one of the following statement is not correct about the SMART-PDS Initiative?
Correct
Explanation
- SMART-PDS is an initiative of the Department of Food & Public Distribution (DFPD), Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
- Aim: To prevent food grain leakage and enhance distribution chain efficiency.
- To ensure the availability of such provisions for migrants.
- It is a technology-based effort to unite all States’ food distribution networks under one platform.
- Authorities can monitor food grain movement in real-time from procurement to distribution.
- The project’s cost is to be shared by the Union and State governments in a 60:40 ratio.
- The State will bear expenses for three project components: institutional setup/training capacity building, provisioning of cloud infrastructure, and setting up a command control centre.
- Smart ration cards are issued to beneficiaries, which contain fingerprint templates and record all transactions.
- This ensures accountability and transparency in the distribution process, helping to prevent leakage and ensure that food grains reach the intended recipients.
- It is a system where Smart Ration Cards are issued to beneficiaries of public distribution system, and ration is given through fair price shops to any member of the beneficiary family.
Answer: (a) It is a central sector scheme to prevent food grain leakage and enhance distribution chain efficiency; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
- SMART-PDS is an initiative of the Department of Food & Public Distribution (DFPD), Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
- Aim: To prevent food grain leakage and enhance distribution chain efficiency.
- To ensure the availability of such provisions for migrants.
- It is a technology-based effort to unite all States’ food distribution networks under one platform.
- Authorities can monitor food grain movement in real-time from procurement to distribution.
- The project’s cost is to be shared by the Union and State governments in a 60:40 ratio.
- The State will bear expenses for three project components: institutional setup/training capacity building, provisioning of cloud infrastructure, and setting up a command control centre.
- Smart ration cards are issued to beneficiaries, which contain fingerprint templates and record all transactions.
- This ensures accountability and transparency in the distribution process, helping to prevent leakage and ensure that food grains reach the intended recipients.
- It is a system where Smart Ration Cards are issued to beneficiaries of public distribution system, and ration is given through fair price shops to any member of the beneficiary family.
Answer: (a) It is a central sector scheme to prevent food grain leakage and enhance distribution chain efficiency; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
- SMART-PDS is an initiative of the Department of Food & Public Distribution (DFPD), Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
- Aim: To prevent food grain leakage and enhance distribution chain efficiency.
- To ensure the availability of such provisions for migrants.
- It is a technology-based effort to unite all States’ food distribution networks under one platform.
- Authorities can monitor food grain movement in real-time from procurement to distribution.
- The project’s cost is to be shared by the Union and State governments in a 60:40 ratio.
- The State will bear expenses for three project components: institutional setup/training capacity building, provisioning of cloud infrastructure, and setting up a command control centre.
- Smart ration cards are issued to beneficiaries, which contain fingerprint templates and record all transactions.
- This ensures accountability and transparency in the distribution process, helping to prevent leakage and ensure that food grains reach the intended recipients.
- It is a system where Smart Ration Cards are issued to beneficiaries of public distribution system, and ration is given through fair price shops to any member of the beneficiary family.
Answer: (a) It is a central sector scheme to prevent food grain leakage and enhance distribution chain efficiency; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 2 of 6
2. Question
Q2. {Polity – IC – Elections} Consider the following statements about the Political Parties and Third Party Electoral Funding:
- India’s electoral laws have explicitly defined the third-party campaigners as individuals or groups participating in campaign activities during elections without being formally registered as political parties or candidates.
- India’s Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RPA), imposes strict expenditure caps on political parties and third-party campaigners, unlike in other countries where spending limits are only applicable to candidates.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Third-party or non-party campaigners refer to individuals or groups participating in campaign activities during elections without being formally registered as political parties or candidates.
- However, the term has not been clearly defined in the Indian electoral laws.
- While the issue of regulating political party expenditures is widely discussed and debated, regulation of third-party involvement is often overlooked.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RPA) sets spending limits for candidates but does not restrict political party and third-party spending.
- According to International IDEA, 65 countries around the world, including the U.S., the U.K., Canada, and Brazil, have a cap on election expenditure of political parties.
- This framework starkly contrasts with the scenario in India, where the absence of such caps has led to a lopsided expenditure landscape.
- The projected expenditures for the 2024 general elections far exceed the 2019 poll spending, which topped out at Rs 55,000-60,000 crore.
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Third-party or non-party campaigners refer to individuals or groups participating in campaign activities during elections without being formally registered as political parties or candidates.
- However, the term has not been clearly defined in the Indian electoral laws.
- While the issue of regulating political party expenditures is widely discussed and debated, regulation of third-party involvement is often overlooked.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RPA) sets spending limits for candidates but does not restrict political party and third-party spending.
- According to International IDEA, 65 countries around the world, including the U.S., the U.K., Canada, and Brazil, have a cap on election expenditure of political parties.
- This framework starkly contrasts with the scenario in India, where the absence of such caps has led to a lopsided expenditure landscape.
- The projected expenditures for the 2024 general elections far exceed the 2019 poll spending, which topped out at Rs 55,000-60,000 crore.
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Third-party or non-party campaigners refer to individuals or groups participating in campaign activities during elections without being formally registered as political parties or candidates.
- However, the term has not been clearly defined in the Indian electoral laws.
- While the issue of regulating political party expenditures is widely discussed and debated, regulation of third-party involvement is often overlooked.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RPA) sets spending limits for candidates but does not restrict political party and third-party spending.
- According to International IDEA, 65 countries around the world, including the U.S., the U.K., Canada, and Brazil, have a cap on election expenditure of political parties.
- This framework starkly contrasts with the scenario in India, where the absence of such caps has led to a lopsided expenditure landscape.
- The projected expenditures for the 2024 general elections far exceed the 2019 poll spending, which topped out at Rs 55,000-60,000 crore.
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 3 of 6
3. Question
Q3. {Vulnerable Sections – Transgender} Consider the following statements regarding the reforms for transgender persons in India:
- The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 defines transgender persons comprehensively and ensures their reservation in educational institutions and government jobs.
- The National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP), a quasi judicial body established in 2020, is concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting transgender and intersex persons.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, is a landmark legislation aimed at safeguarding the rights and interests of transgender individuals in India.
- Some key provisions of the Act include:
- Definition of Transgender Persons: The Act defines transgender persons as individuals whose gender does not match the gender assigned to them at birth, including trans-men, trans-women, persons with intersex variations, gender-queers, and those with socio-cultural identities such as kinnar, hijra, aravani, and jogta.
- Prohibition Against Discrimination: The Act prohibits discrimination against transgender persons in various spheres, including education, employment, healthcare, access to services, and participation in public life.
- Right to Be Recognized as Transgender: Every transgender person has the right to be recognized as such and can obtain a certificate of identity from the District Magistrate based on the recommendation of a District Screening Committee.
- Right to Residence: Transgender persons cannot be separated from their families on the grounds of their gender identity. They have the right to reside with their parents or immediate family members.
- Healthcare Rights: The Act mandates the provision of healthcare facilities to transgender persons, including separate HIV surveillance centers and access to sex reassignment surgeries. It also calls for the revision of medical curricula to address the health issues of transgender persons and the provision of comprehensive medical insurance schemes for them.
- Penal Provisions: The Act criminalizes various offenses against transgender persons, including denial of use of public places, denial of residence, physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse. It also prohibits forced or bonded labor and begging.
- However, it’s essential to note that the Act does not include provisions for reservation or affirmative action for transgender individuals in educational institutions or government jobs. This omission has been a subject of criticism and debate.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP) is the statutory body of the Government of India, generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting transgender and intersex persons, as well as people with diverse GIESC (gender identity/expression and sex characteristics) identities.
- It was established in 2020 under the provisions of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.
- As of October 2020, NCTP is led by the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment,
- The council is composed of four representatives of the transgender community and one from the intersex community, one each from five different regions: the north, south, east, west and northeast.
- Additionally, several Joint secretary-level ex-officio members from various governmental ministries serve on the council as well as five expert members from nongovernmental organisations.
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, is a landmark legislation aimed at safeguarding the rights and interests of transgender individuals in India.
- Some key provisions of the Act include:
- Definition of Transgender Persons: The Act defines transgender persons as individuals whose gender does not match the gender assigned to them at birth, including trans-men, trans-women, persons with intersex variations, gender-queers, and those with socio-cultural identities such as kinnar, hijra, aravani, and jogta.
- Prohibition Against Discrimination: The Act prohibits discrimination against transgender persons in various spheres, including education, employment, healthcare, access to services, and participation in public life.
- Right to Be Recognized as Transgender: Every transgender person has the right to be recognized as such and can obtain a certificate of identity from the District Magistrate based on the recommendation of a District Screening Committee.
- Right to Residence: Transgender persons cannot be separated from their families on the grounds of their gender identity. They have the right to reside with their parents or immediate family members.
- Healthcare Rights: The Act mandates the provision of healthcare facilities to transgender persons, including separate HIV surveillance centers and access to sex reassignment surgeries. It also calls for the revision of medical curricula to address the health issues of transgender persons and the provision of comprehensive medical insurance schemes for them.
- Penal Provisions: The Act criminalizes various offenses against transgender persons, including denial of use of public places, denial of residence, physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse. It also prohibits forced or bonded labor and begging.
- However, it’s essential to note that the Act does not include provisions for reservation or affirmative action for transgender individuals in educational institutions or government jobs. This omission has been a subject of criticism and debate.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP) is the statutory body of the Government of India, generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting transgender and intersex persons, as well as people with diverse GIESC (gender identity/expression and sex characteristics) identities.
- It was established in 2020 under the provisions of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.
- As of October 2020, NCTP is led by the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment,
- The council is composed of four representatives of the transgender community and one from the intersex community, one each from five different regions: the north, south, east, west and northeast.
- Additionally, several Joint secretary-level ex-officio members from various governmental ministries serve on the council as well as five expert members from nongovernmental organisations.
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, is a landmark legislation aimed at safeguarding the rights and interests of transgender individuals in India.
- Some key provisions of the Act include:
- Definition of Transgender Persons: The Act defines transgender persons as individuals whose gender does not match the gender assigned to them at birth, including trans-men, trans-women, persons with intersex variations, gender-queers, and those with socio-cultural identities such as kinnar, hijra, aravani, and jogta.
- Prohibition Against Discrimination: The Act prohibits discrimination against transgender persons in various spheres, including education, employment, healthcare, access to services, and participation in public life.
- Right to Be Recognized as Transgender: Every transgender person has the right to be recognized as such and can obtain a certificate of identity from the District Magistrate based on the recommendation of a District Screening Committee.
- Right to Residence: Transgender persons cannot be separated from their families on the grounds of their gender identity. They have the right to reside with their parents or immediate family members.
- Healthcare Rights: The Act mandates the provision of healthcare facilities to transgender persons, including separate HIV surveillance centers and access to sex reassignment surgeries. It also calls for the revision of medical curricula to address the health issues of transgender persons and the provision of comprehensive medical insurance schemes for them.
- Penal Provisions: The Act criminalizes various offenses against transgender persons, including denial of use of public places, denial of residence, physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse. It also prohibits forced or bonded labor and begging.
- However, it’s essential to note that the Act does not include provisions for reservation or affirmative action for transgender individuals in educational institutions or government jobs. This omission has been a subject of criticism and debate.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP) is the statutory body of the Government of India, generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting transgender and intersex persons, as well as people with diverse GIESC (gender identity/expression and sex characteristics) identities.
- It was established in 2020 under the provisions of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.
- As of October 2020, NCTP is led by the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment,
- The council is composed of four representatives of the transgender community and one from the intersex community, one each from five different regions: the north, south, east, west and northeast.
- Additionally, several Joint secretary-level ex-officio members from various governmental ministries serve on the council as well as five expert members from nongovernmental organisations.
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 4 of 6
4. Question
Q4. {Prelims – In News} Consider the following statements regarding Argeli Plant:
- Argeli cultivation is native to the Tohoku region of Japan.
- The bark of Argeli is a key component in the production of Japanese yen currency.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Argeli, also known as Edgeworthia gardneri, is not primarily cultivated for ornamental purposes, but rather for its economic significance, particularly in Nepal.
- Argeli is a shrub native to the Himalayan region, especially found in Nepal.
- While it does possess ornamental value due to its evergreen nature and yellow-flowering appearance, its primary importance lies elsewhere.
- The bark of the Argeli plant is highly valued for its use in the production of Japanese yen currency.
Statement 2 is correct
- The bark of Argeli contains fibers that are strong and durable, making it an ideal material for papermaking.
- In Japan, where the demand for high-quality paper is significant, Argeli bark is processed and used as a key component in the manufacturing of Japanese yen currency notes.
- This economic significance of Argeli cultivation plays a crucial role in providing livelihoods to communities involved in its cultivation and processing, particularly in Nepal’s rural areas.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Argeli, also known as Edgeworthia gardneri, is not primarily cultivated for ornamental purposes, but rather for its economic significance, particularly in Nepal.
- Argeli is a shrub native to the Himalayan region, especially found in Nepal.
- While it does possess ornamental value due to its evergreen nature and yellow-flowering appearance, its primary importance lies elsewhere.
- The bark of the Argeli plant is highly valued for its use in the production of Japanese yen currency.
Statement 2 is correct
- The bark of Argeli contains fibers that are strong and durable, making it an ideal material for papermaking.
- In Japan, where the demand for high-quality paper is significant, Argeli bark is processed and used as a key component in the manufacturing of Japanese yen currency notes.
- This economic significance of Argeli cultivation plays a crucial role in providing livelihoods to communities involved in its cultivation and processing, particularly in Nepal’s rural areas.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Argeli, also known as Edgeworthia gardneri, is not primarily cultivated for ornamental purposes, but rather for its economic significance, particularly in Nepal.
- Argeli is a shrub native to the Himalayan region, especially found in Nepal.
- While it does possess ornamental value due to its evergreen nature and yellow-flowering appearance, its primary importance lies elsewhere.
- The bark of the Argeli plant is highly valued for its use in the production of Japanese yen currency.
Statement 2 is correct
- The bark of Argeli contains fibers that are strong and durable, making it an ideal material for papermaking.
- In Japan, where the demand for high-quality paper is significant, Argeli bark is processed and used as a key component in the manufacturing of Japanese yen currency notes.
- This economic significance of Argeli cultivation plays a crucial role in providing livelihoods to communities involved in its cultivation and processing, particularly in Nepal’s rural areas.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 5 of 6
5. Question
Q5. {Prelims – In News} Consider the following statements regarding Goldene:
- It is the first free-standing 2D metal and is only one atom thick.
- Developed by IIT Madras and Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), it can be used for carbon dioxide conversion and hydrogen-generating catalysis.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Goldene is only one atom thick, which is a remarkable feat in material science.
- Its ultra thin nature offers unprecedented opportunities for studying the properties and behavior of metals at the atomic scale.
- The creation of goldene represents a significant scientific breakthrough. It expands our understanding of materials and paves the way for exploring new frontiers in nanotechnology, electronics, catalysis, and other areas.
- By demonstrating the feasibility of creating free-standing 2D structures from metals, scientists have opened doors to novel applications and discoveries.
- Goldene’s comparison to graphene underscores its importance in the realm of 2D materials.
- Like graphene, goldene exhibits unique properties that differ from those of bulk metals.
- These properties could potentially lead to innovative applications in various industries, ranging from electronics and energy to biomedicine and environmental science.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Carbon Dioxide Conversion: Goldene’s unique structure and properties make it promising for catalyzing carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion processes. CO2 conversion is crucial for mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Goldene’s high surface area, along with its ability to facilitate surface reactions, could enhance the efficiency of CO2 conversion reactions, such as CO2 reduction to form valuable chemicals or fuels.
- Hydrogen-Generating Catalysis: Goldene’s catalytic properties also make it suitable for hydrogen-generating reactions. Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy carrier that holds promise for powering various applications, including fuel cells and clean energy storage.
- Goldene’s catalytic activity could facilitate hydrogen generation from renewable sources, such as water splitting or biomass conversion, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Goldene is only one atom thick, which is a remarkable feat in material science.
- Its ultra thin nature offers unprecedented opportunities for studying the properties and behavior of metals at the atomic scale.
- The creation of goldene represents a significant scientific breakthrough. It expands our understanding of materials and paves the way for exploring new frontiers in nanotechnology, electronics, catalysis, and other areas.
- By demonstrating the feasibility of creating free-standing 2D structures from metals, scientists have opened doors to novel applications and discoveries.
- Goldene’s comparison to graphene underscores its importance in the realm of 2D materials.
- Like graphene, goldene exhibits unique properties that differ from those of bulk metals.
- These properties could potentially lead to innovative applications in various industries, ranging from electronics and energy to biomedicine and environmental science.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Carbon Dioxide Conversion: Goldene’s unique structure and properties make it promising for catalyzing carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion processes. CO2 conversion is crucial for mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Goldene’s high surface area, along with its ability to facilitate surface reactions, could enhance the efficiency of CO2 conversion reactions, such as CO2 reduction to form valuable chemicals or fuels.
- Hydrogen-Generating Catalysis: Goldene’s catalytic properties also make it suitable for hydrogen-generating reactions. Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy carrier that holds promise for powering various applications, including fuel cells and clean energy storage.
- Goldene’s catalytic activity could facilitate hydrogen generation from renewable sources, such as water splitting or biomass conversion, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Goldene is only one atom thick, which is a remarkable feat in material science.
- Its ultra thin nature offers unprecedented opportunities for studying the properties and behavior of metals at the atomic scale.
- The creation of goldene represents a significant scientific breakthrough. It expands our understanding of materials and paves the way for exploring new frontiers in nanotechnology, electronics, catalysis, and other areas.
- By demonstrating the feasibility of creating free-standing 2D structures from metals, scientists have opened doors to novel applications and discoveries.
- Goldene’s comparison to graphene underscores its importance in the realm of 2D materials.
- Like graphene, goldene exhibits unique properties that differ from those of bulk metals.
- These properties could potentially lead to innovative applications in various industries, ranging from electronics and energy to biomedicine and environmental science.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Carbon Dioxide Conversion: Goldene’s unique structure and properties make it promising for catalyzing carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion processes. CO2 conversion is crucial for mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Goldene’s high surface area, along with its ability to facilitate surface reactions, could enhance the efficiency of CO2 conversion reactions, such as CO2 reduction to form valuable chemicals or fuels.
- Hydrogen-Generating Catalysis: Goldene’s catalytic properties also make it suitable for hydrogen-generating reactions. Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy carrier that holds promise for powering various applications, including fuel cells and clean energy storage.
- Goldene’s catalytic activity could facilitate hydrogen generation from renewable sources, such as water splitting or biomass conversion, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 6 of 6
6. Question
Q6. {Prelims – In News} What is the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon, recently seen in news?
Correct
Explanation
- Location: The Catatumbo lightning phenomenon occurs in the northwestern part of Venezuela, particularly in the Catatumbo region near Lake Maracaibo.
- This area is known for its marshy landscapes and proximity to the Caribbean Sea.
- Frequency and Duration: The lightning activity in the Catatumbo region is exceptionally frequent and can occur almost nightly.
- The phenomenon typically manifests as intense lightning storms that persist for several hours at a time, often continuing throughout the night.
- Cause: The exact cause of the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon is still a subject of scientific study, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of geographical and meteorological factors.
- One significant factor is the unique topography of the region, including the presence of Lake Maracaibo and surrounding marshlands, which create ideal conditions for the formation of thunderstorms.
- Meteorological Conditions: The convergence of warm, moist air from the Caribbean Sea with cooler air from the Andes Mountains creates a favorable environment for thunderstorm development.
- Additionally, the presence of the nearby mountains can enhance atmospheric instability, leading to the formation of convective clouds and lightning activity.
Answer: (b) A natural atmospheric phenomenon characterized by nearly continuous lightning flashes, primarily observed in the Catatumbo region of Venezuela; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
- Location: The Catatumbo lightning phenomenon occurs in the northwestern part of Venezuela, particularly in the Catatumbo region near Lake Maracaibo.
- This area is known for its marshy landscapes and proximity to the Caribbean Sea.
- Frequency and Duration: The lightning activity in the Catatumbo region is exceptionally frequent and can occur almost nightly.
- The phenomenon typically manifests as intense lightning storms that persist for several hours at a time, often continuing throughout the night.
- Cause: The exact cause of the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon is still a subject of scientific study, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of geographical and meteorological factors.
- One significant factor is the unique topography of the region, including the presence of Lake Maracaibo and surrounding marshlands, which create ideal conditions for the formation of thunderstorms.
- Meteorological Conditions: The convergence of warm, moist air from the Caribbean Sea with cooler air from the Andes Mountains creates a favorable environment for thunderstorm development.
- Additionally, the presence of the nearby mountains can enhance atmospheric instability, leading to the formation of convective clouds and lightning activity.
Answer: (b) A natural atmospheric phenomenon characterized by nearly continuous lightning flashes, primarily observed in the Catatumbo region of Venezuela; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
- Location: The Catatumbo lightning phenomenon occurs in the northwestern part of Venezuela, particularly in the Catatumbo region near Lake Maracaibo.
- This area is known for its marshy landscapes and proximity to the Caribbean Sea.
- Frequency and Duration: The lightning activity in the Catatumbo region is exceptionally frequent and can occur almost nightly.
- The phenomenon typically manifests as intense lightning storms that persist for several hours at a time, often continuing throughout the night.
- Cause: The exact cause of the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon is still a subject of scientific study, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of geographical and meteorological factors.
- One significant factor is the unique topography of the region, including the presence of Lake Maracaibo and surrounding marshlands, which create ideal conditions for the formation of thunderstorms.
- Meteorological Conditions: The convergence of warm, moist air from the Caribbean Sea with cooler air from the Andes Mountains creates a favorable environment for thunderstorm development.
- Additionally, the presence of the nearby mountains can enhance atmospheric instability, leading to the formation of convective clouds and lightning activity.
Answer: (b) A natural atmospheric phenomenon characterized by nearly continuous lightning flashes, primarily observed in the Catatumbo region of Venezuela; Difficulty Level: Medium
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