Lymphatic Filariasis

• Context (PIB): The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched the bi-annual Nationwide Mass Drug Administration (MDA) campaign to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis.
• The campaign aims to curb disease transmission by providing free preventive medications to residents in areas affected by the disease twice a year.
• India aims to end Lymphatic Filariasis by 2027, three years ahead of the global target.

Lymphatic Filariasis

• Commonly known as elephantiasis, it is a neglected tropical disease.
• Cause: Infection with filarial parasites (nematodes) (Wuchereria bancrofti (90% of cases), Brugia malayi (most remaining cases), Brugia timori).
  • These worms affect the lymphatic system, leading to pain, disability, and social stigma.
• Transmission: Mosquitoes transmit mature larvae to humans through bites.
• Symptoms: Lymphedema (Swelling due to lymphatic dysfunction), elephantiasis (swelling of body parts (e.g., legs, arms, breasts, genitals)).
• Preventive Measures and Treatment: Chemotherapy with safe medicine combinations.