Current Affairs July 29, 2023: Self-Reliant India Fund, RBI’s Digital Payments Index, PMBJP, Asian Development Bank, Nyaya Vikas Portal

{GS3 – IE – MSMEs – 2023/07/29} Self-Reliant India Fund (SRI Fund)

Context (PIB): SRI Fund is set up to infuse Rs. 50,000 crores as Equity Funding in MSMEs with the potential to grow and become large units.
The Finance Minister announced the creation of a Fund of Funds for MSMEs under the Atmanirbhar Bharat package in 2020 to address the shortage of funds MSMEs face in securing growth capital.
Consequently, NSIC Venture Capital Fund Limited (NVCFL), a 100% subsidiary of the National Small Industries Corporation Limited (NSIC), was set up.

NSIC is a Mini-Ratna under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MoMSME).

Working of the Fund

SRI Fund operates as a mother-fund and daughter-fund for equity/quasi-equity investments.
In this ‘Funds-of-Fund’ investment strategy, SRI Fund (mother-fund) shall invest in SEBI-registered NVCFL Alternative Investment Funds (daughter funds), which shall, in turn, invest in MSMEs.
The Daughter Funds shall invest at least five times the amount of capital contribution received from the SRI Fund (mother-fund) in MSMEs covered under the MSME Development Act, 2006.

Types of Funding

Type of Funding	Description
Debt funding	A loan that must be repaid with interest.
Equity funding	Selling shares in a company to investors in exchange for capital.
Grants	Financial assistance that does not have to be repaid.
Incubators	Programs that provide early-stage companies with resources like office space, mentorship, and funding.
Accelerators	Programs that provide early-stage companies with more intensive resources, such as mentorship, training, and funding.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Equity and Debt Funding

Feature	Equity Funding	Debt Funding
Ownership	Investors become owners of the company	The company does not give up ownership
Repayment	No repayment is required	The loan must be repaid with interest.
Control	Investors may have some control over the company’s decisions.	The company retains control over its decisions.
Risk	Higher risk for investors.	Lower risk for investors
Cost	It can be expensive to raise	It can be less expensive to raise
Availability	It can be more difficult to raise	It can be easier to raise

{GS3 – IE – RBI – 2023/07/29} RBI’s Digital Payments Index (RBI-DPI)

Context (HBL): The RBI’s Digital Payments Index (RBI-DPI) reached about 395 in March 2023, up from 377 in September 2022. This indicates that the level of digitalisation in payments is growing.
According to RBI, digital payments saw a year-on-year growth of over 13% at the end of March 2023.
The increase in the index was attributed to substantial growth in payment infrastructure. This includes the growth of mobile wallets, UPI, and other digital payment methods.

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RBI’s Digital Payments Index

RBI-DPI is a semi-annual index that measures the level of digitalisation in payments nationwide.
It consists of five main parameters with varying weights:
1. Payment Enablers (weight 25%): it measures the availability of digital payment infrastructure.
2. Payment Infrastructure – Demand-side factors (10%): it measures consumer and business demand for digital payments.
3. Payment Infrastructure – Supply-side factors (15%): it measures the supply of digital payments from banks and other financial institutions.
4. Payment Performance (45%): it measures the efficiency and effectiveness of digital payments.
5. Consumer Centricity (5%): it measures the extent to which digital payments are convenient.

{GS2 – Health – Initiatives – 2023/07/29} PMBJP

Context (PIB): Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Bureau of India (PMBI) has added new products under Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP).
PMBJP was launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (MoC&F) in 2008 to make quality generic medicines available at affordable prices to all.
It is operated by government agencies as well as by private entrepreneurs.
It is implemented by the Pharma and Medical Bureau of India (PMBI – MoC&F).

Objectives

Provide quality medicines for everyone, especially the poor and deprived people.
Raise awareness about generic medicines to break the notion that only expensive means quality.
Generate jobs by involving entrepreneurs in opening PMBJP Kendra.

Salient features

Prices of Jan Aushadhi medicines are 50%-90% less than branded medicines in the open market.
Medicines are procured only from WHO Good Manufacturing Practices (WHO-GMP) certified suppliers to ensure the quality of the products.
Each batch of drugs is tested at laboratories accredited by the ‘National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)’ to ensure the best quality.

Ayushman Bharat

It was launched in 2018 to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
It is an attempt to move from a sectoral and segmented approach to health service delivery to a comprehensive need-based health care service.
Its components are:
1. Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs)
2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)

Health Wellness Centre

Currently, the existing 1.5 lakh Sub Centres and Primary Health Centres are being transformed into 1.5 lakh Health Wellness Centres (HWCs).
These centres will deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care which is universal and free.
These centres would be equipped with facilities like telemedicine.
Yoga lessons will also be offered in the vicinity of these centres.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)

It is the largest health assurance scheme in the world.
It aims at providing a health cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year to over 10 crores poor and vulnerable families that form the bottom 40% of the Indian population.
The households included are based on the deprivation and occupational criteria of the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011) for rural and urban areas, respectively.
It is one significant step towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and SDG3.

Sustainable Development Goal 3

The National Health Authority (MoH&FW) implements it.
States/ UTs are advised to implement the scheme by a dedicated entity called State Health Agency.

Benefits

It covers almost all secondary care and most tertiary care procedures.
There is no restriction on the family size, age or gender.
Benefits of the scheme are portable across the country (a beneficiary can visit any empanelled public or private hospital in India to avail cashless treatment).
It covers up to three days of pre-hospitalization & fifteen days of post-hospitalization expenses.
A defined transport allowance per hospitalisation is included in this.

National Health Authority (NHA)

NHA has been set up to implement PM-JAY.
It is an attached office of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare with full functional autonomy.
NHA is governed by a Governing Board of eleven members chaired by the Union Minister for Health.
It is headed by a CEO, an officer of the rank of Secretary.
The CEO is the Ex-Office Member Secretary of the Governing Board.

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

It is a constituent board of the Quality Council of India, an autonomous body set up under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce.
Its objective is to assess the quality and technical competence of testing and calibration laboratories for the Government, Industry Associations, and Industry.
In order to achieve this objective, NABL provides laboratory accreditation services to laboratories that are performing tests/calibrations.

Pharma and Medical Bureau of India (PMBI)

It is a society (under MoC&F) registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.
It is the only agency for opening PMBJP Kendra across India and has no subsidiaries.
Its vision is to bring down the healthcare budget of every citizen of India by providing “Quality Generic Medicines at Affordable Prices”.

Nutraceutical

It is a food or part of it that provides the body with medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of a disease.

{GS2 – IR – Regional Institutions – 2023/07/29} Asian Development Bank

Context (PIB): GoI and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $200 million loan for expanding urban services in Rajasthan.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a financial institution established in 1966.
It has its headquarters in Manila, Philippines.
It was conceived in the early 1960s as a financial institution that would be Asian in character and foster economic growth and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.
It aims to make Asia and the Pacific prosperous, inclusive, resilient, & sustainable while tackling poverty.
ADB promotes private sector development, gender empowerment, regional integration, etc.

Functions

ADB assists its members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance and grants.
It focuses on projects that help promote private investments in the region that will have a significant development impact and lead to accelerated, sustainable, and inclusive growth.
Eighty per cent of ADB’s lending is concentrated public sector lending in five operational areas:
1. Education
2. Environment
3. Regional Cooperation
4. Finance sector development
5. Private sector lending

Membership

ADB has 68 members (originally 31).
49 members are from Asia and the Pacific.
19 members are from outside the Asia Pacific region.

Contribution of member states and Voting

The ADB was modelled closely on the World Bank/IMF and has a similar weighted voting system where votes are distributed proportionately with members’ capital subscriptions.
Contributions:
1. Japan and USA (15.7 % each)
2. China (6.4 %)
3. India (6.3 %)

India is a founding member of ADB and the bank’s fourth-largest shareholder.
ADB aligns its operations in the country to the government’s developing priorities.

Strategy 2030

Strategy 2030 sets out what ADB should do to respond to the changing needs of the Asia-Pacific.
Under Strategy 2030, ADB will sustain its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty and expand its vision to achieve a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific.
To achieve Strategy 2030’s vision, ADB will focus on seven operational priority areas.

Issues

Since the early days of ADB, it has been plagued by criticism that the two significant donors, US and Japan, have had extensive influence over lending, policy and staffing decisions.
The Chairmanship of ADB is always allotted to Japan.

{GS3 – Infra – Admin – 2023/07/29} Development of Infrastructure for the Judiciary

Context (PIB): Nyaya Vikas portal for monitoring the Development of Infrastructure for the Judiciary.
The primary responsibility of developing infrastructure facilities for the judiciary rests with the States.
To augment the resources of the State/UT Governments, GoI has been implementing a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the Development of Infrastructure Facilities for the Judiciary since 1993-94.
The funds-sharing pattern is 60:40 for states, 90:10 for NE and the Himalayan States and 100% for UTs.
It covers the construction of court buildings, residential accommodations for Judicial Officers, Lawyers’ Halls, Digital Computer Rooms, and Toilet Complexes in District and Subordinate Courts.
For monitoring the status of the projects, three monitoring mechanisms have been provided:
1. High Court Level Monitoring Committee at the State level.
2. Central Level Monitoring Committee in the Department of Justice.
3. Nyaya Vikas Online monitoring system

Nyaya Vikas Portal

Nyaya Vikas portal is a web portal and mobile app launched in 2018.
It is a user-friendly platform for monitoring judicial infrastructure projects.
It provides data on the physical and financial progress of the projects under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the Development of Infrastructure Facilities for District and Subordinate Judiciary.