|
Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV)
|
Electric Vehicles (EV)
|
Winner
|
Major Components
|
IC engine, Transmission System.
|
DC/AC motor, digital controller, battery pack.

Image Credits
|
EV
|
Weight
|
Comparatively heavier.
|
Comparatively lighter.
|
EV
|
Heavy due to large and heavy metallic engines with complicated design.
|
Motor engines are relatively lighter as they have fewer components and simplistic design.
|
EV
|
Space occupied by components
|
Comparatively more because of large engines.
|
Comparatively less ==> more space for seating ==> good for congested countries like India
|
EV
|
Efficiency
|
Less efficient because of loss of energy in the form of heat in IC engines and due to friction between transmission systems (rotatory motion has to be transmitted using a complex set of bearings and shafts).
|
More efficient as the loss of energy in the form of heat is very low (not many moving parts in motors) and transmission losses are minimum (the motor engine shaft transmits rotatory motion either directly to the wheels or with the help of fewer bearings and shafts).
|
EV
|
Maintenance
|
More maintenance (frequent, oil change, components replacement) is required as there are many moving parts.
|
Less maintenance as the battery is the only major component to be replaced. (low recurring cost)
|
EV
|
The initial cost of development and ownership
|
Comparatively low as the technology is in place for a century now.
|
High as the technology is still evolving.
|
IC
|
Total lifecycle economic cost
|
High
|
Low (electricity cost associated with operating an EV over a distance of 1 km is significantly lower than the petrol/diesel cost required to operate a comparable IC vehicle)
|
EV
|
Acceleration and speed control
|
Comparatively less as there many states like ignition, four stages of IC engine, transmission, etc.
|
EVs are much faster as the transmission of power and rotatory motion are almost instantaneous.
|
EV
|
Environmental footprint
|
High
|
Comparatively low (EV are more efficient)
|
|
Range
|
Once the tank is full ICEVs can travel non-stop for hundreds of km
|
The range of EVs at present is only a few hundred km.
|
IC
|
Fuelling
|
Done in a few minutes.
|
Charging batteries take a few hours
|
IC
|
Infrastructure
|
Filling stations and other infrastructure is in place.
|
Charging stations are slowly popping up.
|
IC
|
Resale value
|
Resale value is falling as EVs are the future
|
Better
|
EV
|
Import-substitution.
|
Heavy dependence on imported fuels.
|
Clean electricity can replace fossil fuels.
India now generates 22% (79 GW) of its electricity from renewable sources alone.
|
EV
|
Share of major fuels in Power Generation in India
|
Total Installed Capacity (As on 31.05.2019)
|
Fuel
|
Giga Watt
|
% share
|
Thermal
|
Total Thermal
|
226.3
|
63.2%
|
Coal
|
194.5
|
54.3%
|
Lignite
|
6.3
|
1.7%
|
Gas
|
24.9
|
7.0%
|
Oil
|
0.64
|
0.2%
|
Hydro (Renewable)
|
45.4
|
12.7%
|
Nuclear
|
6.8
|
1.9%
|
Renewable
|
79.3
|
22.0%
|
Total
|
357.9
|
|
|