PMF IAS Current Affairs
PMF IAS Current Affairs

West Bengal National Parks, Tiger Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries & Ramsar Sites

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National Parks Tiger Reserves Wildlife Sanctuaries of Bihar Jharkhand West Bengal Sikkim

Buxa National Park, Tiger Reserve

  • It lies in the Gangetic Plains. Its northern boundary runs along the Indo-Bhutan border.
  • Vegetation: Evergreen and semi-evergreen, moist and dry deciduous, savannah and grasslands.
  • Major Fauna: Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, gaur, sambar deer, clouded leopard, Indian leopard.
  • Major Flora: Bengal florican, lesser adjutant, great hornbill, Amur falcon.
  • Threats: Flooding, poaching of elephants.

Gorumara National Park

  • It is located in the Eastern Himalaya’s Terai belt. It is primarily known for its population of Indian rhinoceros.
  • The major river of the park is the Jaldhaka River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra.
  • Vegetation: Rolling forests and riverine grasslands known as Duars and moist deciduous forests.
  • Major Flora: Sal, common teak and grasslands.
  • Major Fauna: Indian rhinoceros, gaur, Asian elephant, sloth bear, chital, sambar deer, barking deer, hog deer.

Jaldapara National Park

  • It is located on the banks of Torsa River at the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas. It has the largest population of the Indian one-horned rhinoceros after Kaziranga National Park in Assam. The nearby Chilapata Forests is an elephant corridor between Jaldapara and Buxa Tiger Reserve while Gorumara National Park is known for its population of Indian rhinoceros.
  • Vegetation: Mainly savannah with tall elephant grasses.
  • Major Fauna: Indian rhinoceros, leopard, elephants, sambar, barking deer, spotted deer, hog deer, gaur.

Neora Valley National Park

  • It is located on the Himalayas in Kalimpong.
  • It is the land of Red Panda (EN).
  • Vegetation: Himalayan Broadleaf forests.
  • Major Flora: Rhododendron, bamboo, oak, ferns, sal.
  • Major Fauna: Indian leopard, black bear, sloth bear, golden cat, barking dee, Himalayan flying squirrel, thar.

Singalila National Park

  • It is located on the Singalila Ridge in the Darjeeling.
  • Vegetation: Coniferous, Broadleaf and mixed forests.
  • Major Fauna: Red panda, yellow-throated marten, pangolin, Himalayan black bear, clouded leopard, takin.

Sunderban Biosphere Reserve, National Park, Tiger Reserve, Ramsar Site

  • Sunderban is the largest delta and mangrove forest in the world. Sundarbans National Park is a part of the Sundarbans on the Ganges Delta and is adjacent to the Sundarban Reserve Forest in Bangladesh.
  • It is bound on the west by river Muriganga and on the east by rivers Harinbhahga and Raimangal.
  • It is also a BR, Tiger Reserve, Ramsar Site and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Eco-geography of this area is dependent on the tidal effect. The tidal action deposits silts back on the channels, raising the bed and forming new islands and creeks.
  • Vegetation: Mangrove forests (Sundarbans has achieved its name from the Sundari mangrove tree).
  • Major Fauna: Royal Bengal Tiger, saltwater crocodile, river terrapin, olive ridley turtle, Ganges River dolphin, hawksbill turtle, mangrove horseshoe crab.

 

Wildlife Sanctuaries of West Bengal

Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary

  • It is contiguous with Gorumara National Park. They lie between Teesta and Jaldhaka Rivers.

Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary

  • It is located on the foothills of the Himalayas in the Darjeeling district, between the Teesta and Mahananda Rivers (a small tributary of Ganga).

Others

  • Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary: Birbhum district.
  • Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary: Nadia district.
  • Bibhuti Bhusan Wildlife Sanctuary: North 24 Parganas district.
  • Chintamani Kar Bird Wildlife Sanctuary: South Kolkata.
  • Haliday Island Wildlife Sanctuary: A part of the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve.
  • Jorepokhri Salamander Wildlife Sanctuary: Darjeeling district.
  • Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary: An island in South 24 Parganas district.
  • Pakhi Bitan Bird Sanctuary: Foreshore of Teesta Barrage in Jalpaiguri.
  • Raiganj Bird Wildlife Sanctuary: Uttar Dinajpur district.
  • Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in Bardhaman city (on the left bank of the Damodar River) in Purba Bardhaman district.
  • Sajnakhali Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the northern part of the Sundarbans delta in South 24 Parganas district.
  • Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Darjeeling district; contiguous with the Singalila National Park.
  • West Sunderban Wildlife Sanctuary: Part of larger Sundarbans region.

Ramsar Sites of West Bengal (2)

East Kolkata Wetlands

  • It is a multiple use wetland that serves Kolkata. It feeds one of the world’s largest wastewater fed aquaculture.

Sundarban Wetland

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