Traditional Farming and Indigenous rice varieties

• Context (DTE): Cauvery Delta farmers revert to traditional farming of Indigenous rice varieties amidst rising challenges of growing conventional crops.

Traditional farming

• Centuries-old agricultural methods, usually practised with minimal use of modern technology or inputs. Relies on the use of local seeds and breeds, manual labour, Indigenous knowledge, etc.
• Also focuses on natural resource utilisation and maintaining ecological balance.

Traditional Farming v/s Conventional Farming

Indigenous rice varieties

• Traditional rice varieties that have evolved in a particular geographic region over centuries, adapting to local climate, soil, and farming practices.
• It can be distinguished by its physical characteristics, such as grain shape, colour, and flavour, as well as its ecological adaptability and resistance to pests and diseases.
• Examples of Indigenous rice varieties: Mappillai Samba, Karrupu Kavuni, Thooya Malli, Thanga Samba, Kichadi Samba, Kala Jeevan, Kullakaar, Thooyamalli, Karunkuruvai.

Advantages

• Lesser water and fertilisers are needed, unlike modern varieties, which are very water intensive.
• Ecological adaptation to the climatic and natural challenges of the region.
• Preserve genetic diversity, which is important for the long-term resilience of agriculture.
• Ensures a robust gene pool for future plant breeding.
• Often have higher nutrient levels, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

Challenges

• Low yield initially compared to other varieties.
• Susceptible to diseases.
• Lack from the government and other organisations.
• Market challenges arise as crops may not be in high demand.
• Vulnerable to climate changes.
• Continued cultivation leads to reduced genetic diversity.