With reference to the art and archaeological history of India, which one among the following was made earliest? [2015]

With reference to the art and archaeological history of India, which one among the following was made earliest?

Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar
Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli
Rock-cut Monuments at Mahabalipuram
Varaha Image at Udayagiri

Explanation

Option (b) is correct

Rock cut Elephant at Dhauli (in Odisha) was made earliest among other three and they were made during the Mauryan phase (272-231 B.C).

Photograph of an ancient stone sculpture carved into a rock, depicting an elephant head with detailed ears and trunk. Surrounded by natural greenery, the sculpture shows weathering and erosion, indicating historical significance and age.

Option (a) is incorrect

Built in the 11th century AD, the temple is a prime example of Kalinga School of Temple Architecture.
The deity Lingaraj is referred to as “Swayambhu“, meaning self-originated Shivling.
Built by King Jajati Keshari of Soma Vansh.

Option (c) is incorrect

Rockcut monuments at Mahabalipuram were made during 7th century AD by the Pallavas.

Option (d) is incorrect

Varaha Image at Udayagiri is located in Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh (not to be confused with Udayagiri-Khandagiri Caves in Odisha). Created in early 5th century AD under the patronage of Chandragupta II, it is famous for having numerous sculptures on the hill walls.
The sculpture of Varaha or Boar incarnation of the Vishnu is notable. The caves have one of the earliest Hindu sculptures.
It also has caves dedicated to Shiva, Narasimha (half-lion, halfman), Narayana (resting Vishnu) and Skanda.

A photograph of an ancient rock carving depicting a large, muscular figure with an elephant head, likely representing the Hindu deity Ganesha, surrounded by smaller human and animal figures. The carving features detailed rows of miniature figures above and around the central figure, showcasing intricate craftsmanship and religious symbolism.