- India is integrating satellite-based tools like FASAL, YESTECH, and Krishi-DSS to enhance crop monitoring, yield forecasting, and insurance accuracy for data-driven agricultural transformation.
Operational Applications of Space Technology
- Crop Estimation: FASAL estimates sown area and crop output using satellite and remote sensing data.
- Drought Tracking: A drought geoportal developed by SAC (ISRO) tracks rainfall, temperature, and soil moisture through remote sensing tools.
- Smart Sampling: Remote sensing optimises sample selection for Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) under PMFBY.
- Agricultural Management: Krishi–Decision Support System (Krishi-DSS), initiated in 2023, integrates soil, weather, and imagery data for agricultural advisory systems.
- Yield Estimation: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), simulation models, and AI/ML techniques support panchayat-level crop yield forecasting.
- Claim Settlement Support: Yield Estimation System based on Technology (YESTECH) launched in 2023, uses geo-tagged yield data for timely and transparent claim settlement.
Significance for Indian Agriculture
- Input Efficiency: Satellite diagnostics allow for precise application of irrigation, fertiliser, & pesticide.
- Yield Optimisation: Remote sensing aids stress detection and boosts crop productivity.
- Disaster Preparedness: Space tools provide early warnings for droughts, floods, and pest outbreaks.
- Market Efficiency: Forecasting improves procurement, logistics, and agri-market price stability.
- Inclusion and Access: Digital advisories aid small farmers with real-time, local agronomic guidance.
Challenges
- Limited Farmer Access: Most small farmers lack awareness about satellite advisories. E.g., ISRO’s FASAL not widely adopted.
- Connectivity Gaps: Poor rural internet limits access to mobile-based satellite services. E.g., mKisan app usage skewed towards urban areas.
- Usability Barrier: Complex geospatial data isn’t easily understandable by farmers. E.g., NDVI maps need expert decoding.
- Institutional Capacity: Agricultural extension workers lack training in remote sensing tools. E.g., Krishi Vigyan Kendras underutilize Bhuvan.
Way Forward
- Localized Advisory Systems: Develop AI-based platforms that convert satellite data into region-specific advice. E.g., Digital Agri Stack pilot.
- Farmer Training Modules: Use PM-Kisan channels to spread geospatial literacy.
- Mobile-Friendly Tools: Design ultra-light apps like Meghdoot to work offline and in regional languages.
- Real-Time Dashboards: Integrate satellites with drones and IoT for instant updates. E.g., AgriStack with Kisan Drone coverage.
India’s agri-future rests on merging space tech with grassroots empowerment. Localized, trusted, and accessible satellite insights can drive climate-smart, inclusive growth.”From Sky to Soil, Empower Every Kisan.“
Reference: PIB
PMF IAS Pathfinder for Mains – Question 278
Approach
- Introduction: Write a contextual introduction by mentioning the current use of satellite-based tools.
- Body: Write how integration of satellite-based tools revolutionised agriculture and suggest how to improve their accessibility to farmers.
- Conclusion: Emphasising the need to bridge the digital divide and localise insight.
