UPSC Prelims PYQ 2023: Tropical rainforest soil and decomposition

Consider the following statements:

1. Statement-I: The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients.
2. Statement-II: The high temperature and moisture of tropical rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Explanation

Option (d) is the correct answer

• Soils in tropical rainforests are generally poor in nutrients. Intense and continuous rainfall leads to leaching, where soluble nutrients are washed away from the topsoil, preventing their accumulation.
• The high temperature and humidity in tropical rainforests accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi rapidly break down dead plants and animals, releasing nutrients. Although nutrients are released quickly, they are immediately absorbed by dense vegetation or lost through leaching. As a result, the soil itself does not become nutrient-rich

Answer: (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct; Difficulty Level: Easy