Professionals at risk of a permanent change in their cells’ DNA — UPSC Prelims PYQ 1996

Which of the following professional(s) are more likely to run the risk of a permanent change in their cell’s DNA?

1. Researchers using carbon-14 isotope
2. X-ray technician
3. Coal miner
4. Dyer and Painter

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1. II alone
2. I, II and III
3. I, II and IV
4. I, III and IV

Explanation

• Permanent changes in cellular DNA (mutations) can result from exposure to ionizing radiation and certain chemical mutagens.
• Researchers working with carbon-14 isotopes and X-ray technicians are exposed to radiation, which can damage DNA if adequate safety measures are not followed. Similarly, dyers and painters are often exposed to various chemicals and solvents, some of which are known mutagens and carcinogens.
• In contrast, while coal miners face significant occupational hazards such as respiratory diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis), they are not typically associated with a heightened risk of DNA mutations.
• Therefore, professionals in categories I, II, and IV are more likely to experience permanent changes in their cell’s DNA.

Answer: (c) I, II and IV