Nature Restoration Law: which organization enacted it? — UPSC Prelims PYQ 2025

Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law (NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss?

The European Parliament on February 27, 2024, adopted the first European Union (EU) law to restore degraded ecosystems across the 27-nation political and economic bloc. The new law sets a target for the EU to restore at least 20 per cent of its land and sea areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. The law calls on EU members to restore at least 30 per cent of drained peatland by 2030, 40 per cent by 2040 and 50 per cent by 2050. The NRL is part of the EU’s Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the European Green Deal, and it seeks to reverse the alarming trend of biodiversity loss as over 80% of Europe’s habitats are in poor condition.

Use basic elimination here. A law like Nature Restoration Law is most likely enacted by a political and legislative body, not by advisory or financial organisations. The World Bank mainly provides finance, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development gives policy recommendations, and the Food and Agriculture Organisation works on food and agriculture issues. They generally do not enact binding laws. European Union, being a legislative bloc, is the most logical answer → (a)