He wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji and Shri Krishna; stayed in America for some time, and was also elected to the Central Assembly. He was
- Aurobindo Ghosh
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Lala Lajpat Rai
- Motilal Nehru
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- Lala Lajpat Rai (1865-1928) wrote biographical books on Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, Shrikrishna and Swami Dayanand. Some of his noteworthy literary works include “The Story of My Deportation” (1908), “Arya Samaj” (1915), “The United States of America: A Hindu’s Impression” (1916), “England’s Debt to India” (1917), and “Young India: An Interpretation and a History of the Nationalist Movement from Within”. In 1927, Katherine Mayo’s book Mother India unfairly criticised Indian civilisation, portraying India as backwards and justifying British rule. In response, Lala Lajpat Rai authored Unhappy India in 1928, debunking Mayo’s claims. Rai argued that India’s socio-economic problems were largely due to colonial exploitation.
- He was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly in 1923.
Option (a) is incorrect
- Aurobindo (1872-1950) associated himself with journals and periodicals like the Jugantar, Bande Mataram, and the Karmayogi, through which he criticised British imperialism and preached a revolutionary concept of nationalism. Some of his important writings are The Life Divine, Savitri, Essay on the Gita, Defense of Indian Culture, etc.
Option (b) is incorrect
- Bipin Chandra Pal (1858 -1932) started newspapers such as Paridarshak (1880), New India (1901), Bande Mataram (1906) (Aurobindo Ghose was editor), Swaraj and Hindu Review (1913). He was Assistant Editor of the Bengal Public Opinion and the Tribune (Lahore). In his book, The New Economic Menace of India, Bipin Chandra demanded increased wages and shorter hours of work for the Indian labourers
Option (d) is incorrect
- The Independent was an Allahabad-based newspaper begun by Motilal Nehru in 1919. It was started with the primary aim of countering the moderate political line adopted by the then leading Allahabad daily, The Leader. His contributions were more in the realm of political leadership and reform, including his role in drafting the Nehru Report.
