Buddhism and Jainism similarities — UPSC Prelims PYQ 1996

Which of the following were common to both Buddhism and Jainism?

1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment
2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas
3. Denial of efficacy of rituals
4. Non-injury to animal life

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. I, II, III and IV
2. II, III and IV
3. I, III and IV
4. I and II

Explanation

Option (b) is correct

• Both Buddhism and Jainism were non-Vedic śramaṇa traditions that rejected the authority of the Vedas. They opposed Vedic ritualism and animal sacrifice, stressing ethical living and inner discipline over external rites. Ahimsa (non-violence) was a shared core principle—practised rigorously in Jainism and upheld strongly in Buddhism. However, Statement I is not common to both: Buddhism advocates the Middle Path, avoiding extreme austerity or indulgence, whereas Jainism is characterised by strict asceticism and severe penance.

Answer: (b) II, III and IV