With reference to Indian history, consider the following texts:

1. Nettipakarana
2. Parishishtaparvan
3. Avadanashataka
4. Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana

Which of the above are Jaina texts?

1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 2 and 4 only
3. 1, 3 and 4
4. 2, 3 and 4

Explanation

Parishishtaparvan and Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana are Jaina texts

• Parishishtaparvan (12th century), authored by Hemachandra, provides a historical account of early Jaina teachers along with references to political developments. Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana (9th century), composed by Jinasena and Gunabhadra, contains detailed narratives of Jaina tirthankaras, saints, kings, and heroes, as well as discussions of social and cultural themes.

Nettipakarana and Avadanashatka are Buddhist texts

• Nettipakarana belongs to the Tipitaka tradition and explains the teachings of the Buddha, and Avadanashataka is part of Buddhist Avadana literature, which presents moral stories related to the Buddha and other figures.

Answer: (b) 2 and 4 only; Difficulty Level: Hard