With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: 1) The Dutch established their factories/ warehouses on the East Coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers. 2) Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate. [2022]

With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements:

The Dutch established their factories/ warehouses on the East Coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers.
Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate
The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara Empire.

The Gajapati dynasty’s end came soon after (1542), whereas the Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602 through a charter.

The Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602 through a charter. The Dutch were primarily interested in spice trade. Therefore, they paid more attention to the Far East. India was just a trading depot for them. They established their first factory at Petapuli in North Coromandal in 1606, followed by another at Masulipatam in the same year. Gradually, they realized that Indian textiles could be the best commodity for exchange with the spice islands (Indonesian Archipelago). This necessitated expansion of their network in India. They established their factories at Pulicat (1610), Cambay (1620), Surat and Agra (1621), Hariharpur (1633), Patna (1638). Dacca (1650), Udaiganj (1651), Chinsura (1653), Qasimbazar, Baranagore, Balasore and Negapatam (1659-60).

Kapilendra, minister to Bhanudeva IV (Eastern Ganga Dynasty), usurped the throne in 1435, establishing the Gajapati rule in Odisha.
Expansion under Kapilendra:
- 1464-1465: Expanded his domain to South Arcot and parts of the Deccan plateau.
- 1459: Defeated Humayun Shah Bahmani, securing the Deccan from Bahmani invasions.
- 1450: Defeated Sultan Nasiruddin of Bengal, earning the title Gaudesvara.
- 1453: Incorporated Rajahmundry into his empire.
Challenges and Conquests: Towards the end of Kapilendra’s reign, Saluva Narasimha of Vijayanagar expelled the Oriyas from the Kaveri basin.
Pratapa Rudra Deva’s Reign (1497-1540): Faced continuous clashes with Vijayanagar and Bengal. In 1515, lost significant territories to Krishnadeva Raya of Vijayanagar, including Udayagiri and Kondavidu.
In 1519, sued for peace, with the Krishna River becoming the dividing line between their empires. His daughter was married to Krishnadeva Raya.
Decline and Fall of the Gajapati Dynasty: After Pratapa Rudra’s death in 1540, the Gajapati Empire weakened significantly. The dynasty came to an end by 1542, following successive military defeats and internal strife

Alfonso de Albuquerque (1509-15) succeeded Almeida as the Portuguese governor in India in 1509.
He was the real founder of the Portuguese empire in India. With the help of the emperor of Vijayanagar, Albuquerque attacked and captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510. In the same year, Albuquerque established the factory at Panji. He banned the practice of sati in Goa. Albuquerque established Portuguese domination over the entire Asian coast from Hormuz in the Persian Gulf to Malacca in Malaya and the Spice Islands in Indonesia. He used a permit system (Cartaze System) for other ships and exercised control over the major shipbuilding centres in the region. Albuquerque quickly occupied several port cities in India and islands in the Indian Ocean. Goa, Malacca, and Hurmuz (at the mouth of the Persian Gulf) were acquired in 1510, 1511 and 1515, respectively.

The English East India Company (EIC) established a factory in Madras (now Chennai) on a piece of land granted by Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, an influential chieftain under the Vijayanagara Empire.
This land, referred to as Madrasapatnam, was where Fort St. George was founded by the British in 1639. Therefore, the factory at Madras was indeed established on land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara Empire.