Consider the following statements in respect to probiotics:

1. Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast.
2. The organisms in probiotics are found in foods we ingest, but they do not naturally occur in our gut.
3. Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 3
4. 2 and 3

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct

• Probiotics are live microorganisms that are beneficial for health when consumed in adequate amounts. They can include various strains of bacteria (such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) and yeast (such as Saccharomyces boulardii). These microorganisms are used in probiotic supplements and fermented foods to support gut health and overall wellness.

Statement 2 is incorrect

• Probiotic organisms are present in both the food we eat and naturally in the human gut. They are a part of the normal gut microbiota and help maintain a balanced environment in the intestines. When consumed as part of food or supplements, they can contribute additional beneficial strains to the existing gut microbiome.

Statement 3 is incorrect

• Some probiotic strains, especially certain types of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, can help digest lactose, the sugar found in milk. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who are lactose intolerant, as these probiotics can help break down lactose and reduce digestive discomfort.

Answer: (c) 1 and 3; Difficulty Level: Medium