Consider the following statements:
- Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree.
- Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia.
- In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce.
- India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa.
- Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 4 and 5
- 3, 4 and 5
- 1, 3 and 4
- 1, 2, 3 and 5
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Moringa oleifera is a plant which is also nicknamed the drumstick tree, the miracle tree, the ben oil tree, or the horseradish tree. This fast-growing, drought-resistant tree (Decidious tree) belongs to the Moringaceae family, and is native to the Indian subcontinent. It can be found across Africa, Asia, the Middle East and the Caribbean. It is a non-leguminous tree.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Tamarind tree is native Eastern Africa; now naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide
Statement 3 is correct
The forest dwellers are legally empowered with the ownership and governance of the MFP through the PESA (Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act-1996, and the Forest Rights Act (FRA)-2006. MFP includes all non-timber forest produce of plant origin including bamboo, brushwood, stumps, cane, tussar, tamarind, cocoons, honey, wax, lac, tendu or kendu leaves, medicinal plants and herbs, roots, tubers and the like. FRA 2006, entitles tribals with the “right of ownership, access to collect, use and dispose of minor forest produce which has been traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries”.
Statement 4 is correct
- The export of moringa leaves is a big business in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Odisha. The major countries which import moringa leaves are China, the US, Germany, Canada, South Korea and European countries. India exports Tamarind to over 188 countries globally, with the United States, United Arab Emirates, and Australia standing as the principal importers.
Statement 5 is correct
- Tamarind seeds can be converted into bio-oil through pyrolysis, and moringa oleifera seed husks can be used to produce bioethanol via fermentation.
