Consider the following statements:1) In the revenue administration of Delhi Sultanate, the in-charge of revenue collection was known as ‘Amil’. 2) The iqta system of Sultans of Delhi was an ancient indigenous institution. [2019]

Consider the following statements:

In the revenue administration of Delhi Sultanate, the in-charge of revenue collection was known as ‘Amil’.
The iqta system of Sultans of Delhi was an ancient indigenous institution.
The office of ‘Mir Bakshi’ came into existence during the reign of Khalji Sultans of Delhi.

During the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, the Indian economy was primarily based on agriculture. As a result, land revenue was the principal source of income. Mutasarrif or amil were revenue collectors.

Under the Delhi Sultanate, these lands were divided into three divisions:
- Iqta land: lands given to officials as a form of iqta rather than payment for their services.
- Khalisa land was under the direct control of the Sultan, and the money was used to maintain the royal court and royal household.
- Inam land was land that was assigned or granted to religious leaders or religious institutions.
Barani, in his Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, describes the agricultural policy in North India during the reign of Alauddin Khalji. According to the text, three taxes were levied on the peasants by the Sultan, viz. the Kharaj (also called Kharaj-I-jizya) or cultivation tax; Charai, a tax on milching cattle; and Ghari (a tax on houses).
Kharaj was the land tax, and the lands of all sizes were subject to the procedure of measurement of land called Masahat and fixation of the yield per Biswa (Wafa-I-Biswa).
Generally, the tax was collected in cash though sometimes collected in kind for specific purposes.

The institution of the Iqta had been in force in early Islamic world as a as a form of reward for services to the state. It was not indigenous to the Delhi Sultanate.

Mir Bakshi (Bakhshi) was the head of the military department in the Mughal period.
source of income. Mutasarrif or amil were revenue collectors.

The mir-i-arz of the Delhi Sultanate changed its nomenclature to mir bakhshi under the Mughals.
All appointment orders of mansabdars and their salary papers were endorsed and passed by Mir Bakhshi. The new entrants seeking service were presented before the Emperor by the Mir Bakhshi. He stood in open court on the right of the emperor and presented all candidates for appointment or promotion. His office prepared orders bearing his seal and signature as well as those of the emperor.
Mir bakhshi personally supervised the branding of the horses (dagh) and checked the muster roll (chehra) of the soldiers. Based on his verification, the salary amount was certified. The mir bakhshi supervised the corps of court writers (waqia nawis) who recorded all applications and documents presented to the court and all imperial orders (farman).