With reference to Indian history, which of the following is/are the essential element/ elements of the feudal system?

1. A very strong centralised political authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority.
2. Emergence of administrative structure based on control and possession of land.
3. Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the feudal lord and his overlord.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect

• A feudal system is characterized by a decentralized political structure, where power is fragmented and local lords exercise authority over their regions, often bypassing a weak central authority.

Statements 2 and 3 are correct

• Indian Feudalism became prominent from the 7th century onward, with a shift to land grants as a primary means of economic and administrative organization.
• It created a lord-vassal relationship. Feudal lords (samantas) acknowledged the authority of an overlord (king) and provided military support, tribute, and loyalty in return for land and autonomy.

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Easy