Which one of the following is associated with the issue of control and phasing out of the use of ozone-depleting substances?
- Bretton Woods Conference
- Montreal Protocol
- Kyoto Protocol
- Nagoya Protocol
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- The Montreal Protocol, under the Vienna Convention, was agreed upon in 1987.
- It facilitates global cooperation in reversing the rapid decline in atmospheric concentrations of stratospheric ozone (good ozone).
- Under the protocol, countries agreed to phase out the production and consumption of certain chemicals that deplete ozone. Phase out of these substances is required by specific deadlines.
Option (a) is incorrect
- Bretton Woods Conference established the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Option (c) is incorrect
- The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 and came into force in 2005.
- It is the only global treaty with binding limits on GHG emissions. There are currently 192 Parties to the Kyoto Protocol.
- India ratified it in 2002.
Option (d) is incorrect
- Nagoya Protocol is about “Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization”, one of the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
