With reference to the economic history of medieval India, the term ‘Araghatta’ refers to
- Bonded labour
- Land grants made to military officers
- Waterwheel used in the irrigation of land
- Wasteland converted to cultivated land
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- The term ‘Araghatta‘ (Persian wheel) refers to a waterwheel used for irrigation. This mechanical device harnessed animal power to lift water, especially from open wells, playing a crucial role in the irrigation system of that period.
Option (a) is incorrect
- The traditional form of bonded/ forced labour in India is known as Adiyamar, Baramasia, Basahya, Bethu, Bhagela, Mat, Munish system, Nit-Majoor, Paleru, Padiyal, Pannayilal, Sagri, Sanji, Sanjawat, Sewak, Sewakia, Seri, Vetti, etc.
Option (b) is incorrect
- Iqta of the Sultanate period in a modified form became Jagir under the Mughals. The Jagirdari system, that is to say the system of assignment of revenue of a particular territory to the nobles (including military officiers) for their services to the state, was an integral part of the Mansabdari system
Option (d) is incorrect
- During medieval period rulers harped on the policy of expansion of agriculture to such areas which were hitherto not under cultivation. Agriculture was introduced to tribal, backward, and outlying areas.
- Forests were cleared and agricultural wastelands were converted into cultivable lands.
