With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer products, consider the following statements:

1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging materials.
2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment.
3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

All statements are correct

• PFAS are widely used in various consumer products and, due to their persistent nature, can leach into the environment, contaminating water sources, food, and packaging materials. They are often referred to as “forever chemicals” because the strong carbon–fluorine bond makes them highly resistant to natural degradation processes, allowing them to persist in the environment for long periods. As a result, PFAS can accumulate in the tissues of animals and humans over time, raising potential health concerns.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3: Difficulty Level: Medium