Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news?

1. Its extract is widely used in cosmetics.
2. It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows
3. Its extract is used in pesticides.
4. None of the above

Explanation

Option (b) is correct

• Prosopis juliflora (or Ganda babool/Vilayati Kikar/karuvelam) is a small tree native to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean. It has become established as an invasive weed in Africa, Asia, Australia and elsewhere. The species is characterized by long roots that rapidly deplete water resources and its fast growth suppresses the development of native vegetation. Its dense growth also obstructs the movement of wild animals in forest areas. Additionally, it enhances the malaria parasite transmission capacity of Anopheles mosquitoes by providing them with sugar essential for their survival.
• The species produces abundant seeds, possesses high regeneration capacity, and can withstand drought conditions even at the seedling stage. It is mainly found in states such as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. Typically occurring in arid and semi-arid tropical regions, it grows predominantly in plains and valleys, although in some areas it can also be found at elevations of up to 1200 meters above mean sea level.

Answer: (b) It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows; Difficulty Level: Medium