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Which one of the following was the latest inclusion in the Intangible Cultural Heritage List of UNESCO?

  1. Chhau dance
  2. Durga puja
  3. Garba dance
  4. Kumbh mela

Explanation

Option (c) is correct
  • Garba is a traditional dance performed during the Hindu festival of Navaratri, worshipping feminine energy or ‘Shakti’. It was included in the 2023 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

Map of India highlighting locations of intangible cultural heritage practices, including traditional crafts, dances, performances, and festivals such as Durga Puja in Kolkata, Kumbh Mela in Prayagraj, and Buddhist chanting of Ladakh.

Option (a) is incorrect
  • Chhau dance, originating from eastern India, encompasses narratives from epics, folklore, and abstract themes, distinguished by styles from Seraikella, Purulia, and Mayurbhanj. It was included in the list in 2010.
Option (b) is incorrect
  • Durga Puja is an annual festival celebrated primarily in Kolkata and other parts of India, dedicated to the worship of the goddess Durga over ten days in September or October. It was included in the list in 2021.
Option (d) is incorrect
  • Kumbh Mela was included in 2017.

Kumbh Mela, the world's largest peaceful gathering where pilgrims bathe in sacred rivers, highlighting its occurrence every 12 years based on the Hindu lunar calendar and its dependence on Sun, Moon, and Jupiter positions. It details four key locations—Ujjain, Haridwar, Prayagraj, and Nashik—along with types of Kumbh Mela events, including Normal, Ardha, Purna, Maha, and Magh Kumbh, and notes its 2017 addition to UNESCO's List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Answer: (c) Garba Dance; Difficulty Level: Easy
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