Which one of the following Muslim rulers was hailed as the ‘Jagadguru’ by his Muslim subjects because of his belief in secularism?

1. Husain Shah
2. Zain-ul-Abidin
3. Ibrahim Adil Shah
4. Mahmud II

Explanation

Option (c) is correct

• Ibrahim Adil Shah II of Bijapur (1580–1627) was known for his broad-minded and syncretic outlook. He patronized Hindu scholars, participated in Hindu cultural traditions, and composed devotional works that reflected both Islamic and Hindu influences (e.g., Kitab-i-Navras). Because of his inclusive and secular approach, he was hailed as ‘Jagadguru’ by his subjects.

Answer: (c) Ibrahim Adil Shah