Which of the following phenomena might have influenced the evolution of organisms?

1. Continental drift
2. Glacial cycles

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Both phenomena are correct

• The movement of tectonic plates caused geographic isolation, speciation (e.g., distinct fauna in South America and Africa), and habitat changes, forcing species to adapt or migrate.
• Glacial Cycles: Ice ages caused climate fluctuations and habitat fragmentation, isolating populations for independent evolution. Glacial retreats allowed recolonisation, fostering adaptation and biodiversity.

Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2; Difficulty Level: Easy