Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in desert areas to inhibit water loss?

1. Hard and waxy leaves
2. Tiny leaves
3. Thorns instead of leaves

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. 2 and 3 only
2. 2 only
3. 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Option (d) is correct

• In desert areas, plants exhibit several modifications to reduce water loss. Hard, waxy leaves help minimise transpiration by forming a protective layer, while tiny leaves reduce the surface area available for evaporation, conserving moisture. Additionally, many desert plants have thorns instead of leaves, which further limits water loss by preventing transpiration through leaf surfaces. Therefore, all three modifications—hard, waxy leaves; tiny leaves; and thorns—are adaptations that inhibit water loss in arid environments.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Easy