When Congress leaders condemned the Montagu‑Chelmsford Report, many moderates left the party to form the:
- Swarajya Party
- Indian Freedom Party
- Independence Federation of India
- Indian Liberal Federation
Explanation
Option (d) is correct
- The Indian National Congress, in its special Bombay session of August 1918 under the presidentship of Hasan Imam, condemned the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms as disappointing and inadequate, demanding effective self-government instead. The Congress later rejected the Government of India Act, 1919 and boycotted the 1920 elections following Mahatma Gandhi’s call for non-cooperation. However, several moderate leaders, including Annie Besant, Bipin Chandra Pal, Surendranath Banerjee, and Tej Bahadur Sapru, supported cooperation with the government and left the Congress. In 1919, Surendranath Banerjee, along with Tej Bahadur Sapru, V. S. Srinivasa Sastri, and M. R. Jayakar, founded the Indian National Liberal Federation, whose members came to be known as the Liberals.
Answer: (d) Indian Liberal Federation
