The vegetation of savannah consists of grassland with scattered small trees, but extensive areas have no trees. The forest development in such areas is generally kept in check by one or more or a combination of some conditions. Which of the following are such conditions?
- Burrowing animals and termites
- Fire
- Grazing herbivores
- Seasonal rainfall
- Soil properties
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- 1 and 2
- 4 and 5
- 2, 3 and 4
- 1, 3 and 5
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- In savannah ecosystems, the development of dense forests is often limited by a combination of several factors:
- Fire: Periodic fires prevent many trees from growing and give savannas their open, grassy nature. Fires can prevent the establishment of trees by killing seedlings and maintaining the grassland.
- Grazing Herbivores: Large herbivores, such as elephants, zebras, and antelopes, graze on the vegetation and can prevent the growth of trees by consuming young saplings and maintaining a grassy landscape.
- Seasonal Rainfall: Savannahs typically have a seasonal rainfall pattern, with a distinct wet and dry season. The dry season can limit tree growth due to water scarcity, preventing the development of dense forest.
- Conditions Not Included:
- Burrowing Animals and Termites: While these can influence vegetation, they are not primary factors in preventing forest development in savannahs compared to fire, grazing, and rainfall.
- Soil Properties: Although soil properties can influence vegetation, in the context of savannahs, fire, grazing, and seasonal rainfall play a more critical role in maintaining the open landscape.
