The term ‘Apabhramsa’ was used in medieval Sanskrit texts to denote:

1. Outcastes among the Rajputs
2. Deviations from Vedic rituals
3. Early forms of some of the modern Indian languages
4. Non-Sanskrit verse metres

Explanation

Option (c) is correct

• The term Apabhramsa was used in medieval Sanskrit texts to refer to linguistic forms that evolved from Prakrits and eventually gave rise to many modern North Indian languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, and Bengali. It represented the transitional stage between Prakrit and modern Indo-Aryan languages.

Answer: (c) Early forms of some of the modern Indian languages