The preamble to the constitution of India is

1. A part of the constitution but has no legal effect
2. Not a part of the constitution and has no legal effect either
3. A part of the constitution and has the same legal effect as any other part
4. A part of the constitution but has no legal effect independently of other parts.

Explanation

Option (d) is correct

• The Preamble to the Constitution of India is considered a part of the Constitution, as clarified by the Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala judgment of the Supreme Court of India. However, it is not enforceable in a court of law and does not confer any substantive powers on its own. The Preamble serves as a guiding principle for interpreting the provisions of the Constitution. It can be used to clarify ambiguities in constitutional provisions, but cannot override or operate independently of other parts of the Constitution. Earlier, in the Berubari Union Case, the Supreme Court held that the Preamble was not a part of the Constitution, but this view was later overturned in the Kesavananda Bharati judgment.

Answer: (d) A part of the constitution but has no legal effect independently of other parts.; Difficulty Level: Easy