People drinking water from a shallow hand pump are likely to suffer from all of the following diseases except:
- Cholera
- Typhoid
- Jaundice
- Fluorosis
Explanation
Option (d) is correct
- Cholera, typhoid, and jaundice are classic waterborne diseases spread through faecally contaminated drinking water. Shallow hand pumps are especially vulnerable to contamination from nearby sewage or surface runoff, increasing the risk of these infections. Fluorosis, however, is a chronic, non-infectious condition caused by long-term intake of excess fluoride in groundwater. It is geogenic rather than pathogen-based, making it distinct from the others.
