Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)?

1. Preamble
2. Directive principles of state policy
3. Fundamental duties

Select the correct answer using the given code below:

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Preamble is correct

• The Preamble of the Indian Constitution embodies key values such as justice, equality, and liberty, which are also fundamental principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It pledges to secure for all citizens justice—social, economic, and political; equality of status and opportunity; and fraternity that upholds individual dignity and national unity. These principles resonate with Articles 1 and 2 of the UDHR, which affirm the inherent dignity and equal rights of all human beings.

The Directive Principles of State Policy are correct

• Although not legally enforceable, the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) guide the Indian state in establishing a welfare system that fosters social and economic justice. Articles 36 to 51 of the Constitution outline principles such as fair wages, the right to work, education, public health, and protections for children and women. These principles align with several UDHR articles, including rights to work, fair wages, social security, education, and an adequate standard of living.

Fundamental duties are correct

• Added by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, Fundamental Duties highlight citizens’ responsibilities to uphold constitutional values, including protecting the Constitution and respecting others’ rights. This aligns with Article 29 of the UDHR, which asserts that everyone has duties to the community and that the exercise of rights and freedoms should not infringe on others’ rights and freedoms.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Easy