Ocean currents: characteristics and causes – UPSC Prelims PYQ 2002

Consider the following statements regarding ocean currents:

1. Ocean currents are the slow-surface movement of water in the ocean.
2. Ocean currents assist in maintaining the Earth’s heat balance.
3. Ocean currents are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds.
4. Ocean currents are affected by the configuration of the ocean.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2
2. 2, 3 and 4
3. 1, 3 and 4
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation

Option (b) is correct

• Statement 1 is incorrect because ocean currents are not confined only to surface movements; deep ocean currents also exist. Statements 2, 3 and 4 are correct as ocean currents help redistribute heat, are mainly driven by prevailing winds, and are influenced by the shape and configuration of ocean basins and continents.

Answer: (b) 2, 3 and 4