Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems, are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?

1. Brakes of motor vehicles
2. Engines of motor vehicles
3. Microwave stoves within homes
4. Power plants
5. Telephone lines

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
2. 1, 2 and 4 only
3. 3, 4 and 5 only
4. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Explanation

Option (b) is correct

• Magnetite pollution refers to the presence of the magnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) in the environment due to human activities like mining, steel production, and industrial processes. It has ecological impacts on wildlife, soil, and water. Additionally, inhaling magnetite particles can harm human health, corrode structures, and interfere with electronic equipment
• Brakes of motor vehicles: This is a major source of magnetite pollution. Brake wear generates fine particles, including magnetite, which can become airborne.
• Engines of motor vehicles: Magnetite is also detected in the particulate matter collected from engine of motor vehicles.
• Power plants: Industrial processes and combustion in power plants can emit magnetite particles. Studies have verified that the combustion of coal at elevated temperatures for industrial purposes leads to the formation of spherical magnetite particles. Recent examinations of brain tissues from individuals heavily exposed to urban environments have corroborated these findings.
• Options 3 (microwave stoves used in homes) and 5 (telephone lines) are not significant contributors to magnetite particle pollution.

Image Source: ScienceDirect

Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 4; Difficulty Level: Hard