India is regarded as a country with a “Demographic Dividend”. This is due to
- Its high population in the age group below 15 years.
- Its high population in the age group of 15-64 years.
- Its high population in the age group above 65 years.
- Its high total population.
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- Demographic dividend refers to the economic growth potential resulting from changes in a population’s age structure. It occurs when the working-age population (typically 15-64 years) is larger than the dependent population (children and elderly). This shift can lead to increased productivity, higher savings, and more investment.
- India’s Demographic Status
- Current Population: As of 2023, India’s population has reached 1.44 billion, surpassing China’s 1.42 billion, becoming the world’s most populous country (UNFPA, 2023).
- Fertility Rate: India’s total fertility rate has sharply reduced from 5.9 births per woman in 1951 to 2.0 births per woman currently, as per NFHS-5. This is below the replacement-level fertility of 2.1 births per woman.
- Population Projections: By 2050, India’s population is projected to reach 1.67 billion, peak at 1.7 billion by 2064, and stabilize at 1.53 billion by 2100 (UN Population Division).
- Youthful Workforce: With two-thirds of its population aged between 15-64, India holds a significant demographic advantage, potentially driving economic growth if harnessed effectively (UNFPA, 2023).
