In the context of Indian history, the principle of `Dyarchy (diarchy)’ refers to

1. Division of the central legislature into two houses.
2. Introduction of double government i.e., Central and State governments.
3. Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi.
4. Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.

Explanation

Option (d) is correct

• Government of India Act of 1919 introduced the dyarchy at the provincial level, i.e. dual government in the provinces. Under this, the provincial administration was divided between reserved and transferred subjects.
  • Reserved List: The councillors nominated by the Governor controlled reserved subjects and were not responsible to the provincial legislature. It included key subjects such as defence (the military), foreign affairs, and communications.
  • Transferred List: Transferred subjects were controlled by the ministers responsible to the provincial legislature. It included agriculture, supervision of local government, health, and education.
• Government of India Act of 1935 abolished the dyarchy at provinces and introduced provincial autonomy. The distinction between transferred and reserved subjects was removed, and the administration was entrusted with the ministers responsible to the legislature.

Answer: (d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories; Difficulty Level: Easy