If there were no Himalayan ranges, what would have been the most likely geographical impact on India?

1. Much of the country would experience the cold waves from Siberia.
2. Indo-Gangetic plain would be devoid of such extensive alluvial soils.
3. The pattern of monsoon would be different from what it is at present.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 3 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Option (d) is correct

• The Himalayan ranges act as a climatic barrier, preventing cold Siberian winds from entering India. Without them, northern India would experience severe cold waves. The Himalayas are the source of major rivers whose deposition over millions of years created the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. Without them, such extensive alluvial soils would not exist. The Himalayas also deflect and trap the southwest monsoon winds, causing widespread rainfall. Without the mountain barrier, the monsoon pattern would be fundamentally different.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3