How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles? Full battery electric vehicles? Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles? [2025]

Consider the following types of vehicles:

An alternative powertrain is a system that powers a vehicle without relying solely on an internal combustion engine. These systems aim to reduce emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Examples include hybrid, electric, and hydrogen fuel cell powertrains.

Vehicle Type	Alternative Powertrain?	Reason
Full Battery Electric Vehicle	Yes	Uses batteries, no fossil fuels
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle	Yes	Uses hydrogen, emits water
Fuel Cell–Electric Hybrid Vehicle	Yes	Combine fuel cell (usually hydrogen-based) with battery storage or another electric system

Use simple common sense here — all three vehicles work on something other than the normal petrol/diesel engine. One runs on batteries, another on hydrogen fuel cells, and the third combines fuel-cell and electric technology. So, all of them are clearly alternative powertrain vehicles.