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From the third century AD, when the Hun invasion ended the Roman Empire, the Indian merchants relied more and more on the:

  1. African trade
  2. West European trade
  3. Southeast Asian trade
  4. Middle Eastern trade

Explanation

Option (c) is correct
  • After the decline of Indo‑Roman trade in the 3rd century, Indian merchants shifted focus to Southeast Asian maritime networks. Ports in southern India became key links to island and mainland Southeast Asia, where exchanges in spices, timber, and luxury goods flourished.
Answer: (c) Southeast Asian trade
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