For the measurement/estimation of which of the following are satellite images/remote sensing data used?

1. Chlorophyll content in the vegetation of a specific location
2. Greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies of a specific location
3. Land surface temperatures of a specific location

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. 1 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

All statements are correct

• Satellite imagery and remote sensing data are widely used for environmental monitoring and estimation. Using spectral reflectance data from satellites such as NASA’s Landsat program and the European Space Agency’s Sentinel program, scientists can estimate chlorophyll content in vegetation by analysing vegetation indices like NDVI. Remote sensing is also increasingly used to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies, particularly methane emissions, by combining satellite observations with atmospheric and crop-monitoring models. Further, land surface temperature is routinely measured using thermal infrared sensors aboard satellites, which is widely used in climate, agriculture, and urban heat island studies.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Easy