For short-term climate prediction, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the India subcontinent?

1. La Nina
2. Movement of Jet Streams
3. El Nino and Southern Oscillations
4. Greenhouse effects on global level

Explanation

Option (c) is correct

• The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climatic phenomenon involving periodic warming of surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean along with atmospheric pressure changes. El Niño events are often associated with weak southwest monsoon rainfall and drought-like conditions in the Indian subcontinent.

Answer: (c) El Nino and Southern Oscillations