Consider the following statements made about the sedimentary rocks:

1. Sedimentary rocks are formed at Earth’s surface by the hydrological system.
2. The formation of sedimentary rocks involves the weathering of pre-existing rocks.
3. Sedimentary rocks contain fossils.
4. Sedimentary rocks typically occur in layers.

Which of these statements are correct?

1. I and II
2. I and IV
3. II, III and IV
4. I, II, III and IV

Explanation

Option (d) is correct

• Sedimentary rocks are formed at or near the Earth’s surface mainly through processes associated with the hydrological cycle, such as weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and lithification, making Statement I correct. Their formation involves the breakdown of pre-existing rocks, so Statement II is also correct. These rocks commonly contain fossils because sediments often preserve remains of plants and animals, making Statement III correct. Sedimentary rocks are generally deposited in distinct strata or layers, therefore Statement IV is also correct.

Answer: (d) I, II, III and IV