Consider the following statements:

1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes.
2. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Both statements are correct

• Tropical regions (lower latitudes) have more stable climates, higher solar energy, and greater productivity, which support a wide range of species. This is why regions near the equator, like the Amazon rainforest, have extremely high biodiversity.
• As altitude increases, temperatures decline, oxygen becomes scarcer, and environmental conditions grow more extreme, making it difficult for many species to thrive. Consequently, biodiversity tends to be richer at lower altitudes.

Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2 | Difficulty Level: Easy