Consider the following statements:
- Adenoviruses have single-stranded DNA genomes whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes.
- Common cold is sometimes caused by an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Adenoviruses: Contrary to what is stated, adenoviruses actually have double-stranded DNA genomes, not single-stranded. They are a group of viruses known for causing a variety of infections, including respiratory illnesses like the common cold, conjunctivitis (pink eye), and gastroenteritis.
- Retroviruses: Retroviruses, such as HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), have single-stranded RNA genomes, not double-stranded DNA. Retroviruses use a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA into DNA, which then integrates into the host cell’s DNA, allowing the virus to replicate within the host
Statement 2 is correct
- Common cold: Adenoviruses can cause respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, although other viruses like rhinoviruses are more frequently responsible. Adenoviruses are known for causing mild to severe respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
- AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is a retrovirus. This virus infects and gradually destroys the immune system, leading to life-threatening infections and cancers.
