Consider the following pairs

How many of the above are correctly matched?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. All four

Explanation

Pair 1 is correct

• The Jana Sangh was formed in Delhi on 21 October 1951, and the foundation was laid by Syama Prasad Mookerjee (After the country’s Independence, he was a part of the Congress government headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, but on April 19, 1950, Mukherjee resigned from the Cabinet).

Pair 2 is incorrect

• In the 1920s and 1930s, within the Congress, a considerable section was drawn towards the Socialist or Communist ideology and sought to work out a Socialist programme through the Congress. This section included leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Jaya Prakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev, Achyut Patwardhan, and Ram Manohar Lohia. In 1934, Acharya Narendra Dev, Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, and others formed the Congress Socialist Party (CSP) within the Congress. Acharya Narendra Dev was appointed as the founding President of the Congress Socialist Party, while Jayaprakash Narayan served as the general secretary.
• Separation from Congress: In 1948, Congress amended its constitution to prevent its members from having dual party membership. This forced the Socialists to form a separate Socialist Party.

Pair 3 is correct

• In January 1977, after 18 months of Emergency, the government announced elections. Opposition leaders were released from jail, and major opposition parties quickly united to form the Janata Party under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan, with some Congress dissidents joining as well. Some other Congress leaders also came out and formed a separate party under the leadership of Jagjivan Ram (popularly known as Babuji). This party was named Congress for Democracy, and later merged with the Janata Party.

Pair 4 is incorrect

• In August 1959, the Nagpur resolution of the Congress called for land ceilings, takeover of the food grain trade by the state and adoption of cooperative farming. In response, Rajaji formed the Swatantra Party in 1959. It was against land ceilings in agriculture and opposed cooperative farming and state trading. The Swatantra Party actively campaigned for a market economy. It wanted the government to be less involved in controlling the economy and believed that prosperity could come only through individual freedom. The party was critical of the development strategy of state intervention in the economy, centralised planning, nationalisation and the public sector. Instead, it favoured the expansion of a free private sector.

Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Hard