Consider the following pairs:

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Pair 1 is correct

• The All-India Anti-Untouchability League, later evolving into Harijan Sewak Sangh (“Servants of Harijan Society”), was established by Mahatma Gandhi in September 1932 following the signing of the Poona Pact. The primary objective was to enhance the coordination of efforts to emancipate untouchables and eradicate untouchability from society.

Pair 2 is correct

• Swami Sahajananda Saraswati was the founder of the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (1929) and also spearheaded the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Indian National Congress (INC) Lucknow Session in 1936. Sahajanand was its first president, and N.G. Ranga was its first General Secretary.
• Over time, socialists and communists gained dominance in the Sabha, leading to a move away from Congress. By May 1942, the Communist Party of India (CPI) had taken control of the Kisan Sabha throughout India. The All India Kisan Sabha followed the Communist Party’s line of the People’s War and stayed away from the Quit India Movement. However, several leaders defied this stance and joined the movement, prompting the departure of prominent members such as N.G. Ranga, Indulal Yagnik, and Swami Sahajananda from the organisation.

Pair 3 is correct

• E.V. Ramaswami Naicker founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925. The Self-Respect Movement aimed to uplift the Dravidians and expose the control of Brahmins over all aspects of Hindu life through tyrannical and deceptive methods.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Medium