With reference to India, consider the following statements:1) When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right. 2) State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules. [2021]

With reference to India, consider the following statements:

When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right.
State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules.

Parole is a system of releasing a prisoner with suspension of the sentence. The release is conditional, usually subject to behaviour, and requires periodic reporting to the authorities for a set period of time. A broadly similar concept is furlough, which is given in case of long-term imprisonment.
While furlough is seen as a matter of right, to be granted periodically irrespective of any reason and merely to enable the prisoner to retain family and social ties, parole is not a matter of right and may be denied to a prisoner even when he makes out a sufficient case.

Basis of Distinction	Parole	Furlough
Awarded in case of	Short-term detention: The period of release does not count towards the total period of the sentence.	Long-term detention: The period of release is counted towards the total period of the sentence.
Duration	Lasts for one month.	Lasts for a maximum of 14 days.
Reason	It is not seen as a matter of right. It is given to a prisoner for a specific reason (E.g. death in the family).	It is seen as a matter of right for prisoners to be granted periodically. It can be granted without any reason.
Granting Authority	Divisional Commissioner	Deputy Inspector General of Prisons
Declining request	It is granted at the request of the prisoner and can be denied.	Generally, not denied as it is a right of the prisoner.
Frequency	It can be granted multiple times.	It can be granted multiple times.

‘Prisons’ is a State subject under State List of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. The management and administration of Prisons falls exclusively in the domain of the State Governments, and is governed by the Prisons Act, 1894 and the Prison Manuals of the respective State Governments.
Since prisons is a State subject in the Constitution, the Prisons Act of each state government defines the rules under which parole is granted in that state. For instance, in Rajasthan, initial parole is granted for 20 days; a second parole is for 30 days, and a third for 40 days. Thereafter, the prisoner can apply for permanent parole.
The jail authorities submit the report to state government — and competent authority takes a final decision on grant of parole on humanitarian considerations. If parole is rejected, the convict can move the High Court challenging the order of the competent authority. Also, apart from regular parole, the superintendent of a jail can also grant parole up to a period of seven days in emergent cases.